Other halogen acid gases l From combustion of | aspiratory irritants. than that for an equivalentĬarbon monoxide (CO) ~ From combustion of carbon- ~ Absorbed via the lungs into |iĬO2/CO ratio dependent on combining with hemoglobin Polyvinyl chloride) (PVC) toxicity of HC1 coated onĪnd some fire-retardant particulate may be greater Hydrogen chloride (MCI) ~ From combustion of ~ Respiratory irritant potential Wood, silk, nylon and irritant to eyes and nose. Quantities from cellulose death as well as delayedĪmmonia (OHS) | Produced in combustion of | Pungent unbearable odor | Other oxides of nitrogen from fabrics and in larger capable of causing immediate Nitrogen dioxide (NO,) adduced in small quantities | Strong pulmonary irritant Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) | From combustion of wool | A rapidly fatal asphyxiant | Toxicological effects of combustion products from polymers. The effects of asphyxiant-producing toxicants depend on the Knowledge of the effects of inhaling particulates and aerosols from smoke is still quiteĪlthough a wide variety of combustion products may be generated (Tables 4-1 and-Ĥ-2), the toxicants are usually separated into three classes based on type of effect:Īsphyxiants irritants, which may be sensory or pulmonary and to~cicants exhibiting other orĪsphyxiants can cause central nervous system depression, with loss of consciousnessįollowed by death. The fire gases have received the most attention, while Smoke most often Is defined as the airborne solid particulates and liquid aerosols andįire gases evolved when a material undergoes pyrolysis or combustion (ASTM, 1982 see alsoĪppendix B of this report). Result from smoke inhalation (Hardwood and Hall, 1989~. In terms of lethality, however, about 70 percent of fire fatalities This is especially the case with rapidlyĭeveloping, flaming fires.
Limit for inhalation of toxic gases is reached). Obscuration of vision and incapacitation due to heat generally occur before the tenability Shown that individual tenability limits are often reached in the order stated above (i.e., Precludes escape sets the critical tenability limit for that fire scenario. Of these factors have been reasonably well defined whichever of the three factors first (1) obscuration of vision, (2) heat, and (3) toxicity.
Victims to escape from a fire) should actually be considered in terms of three major factors: However, the overall fire hazard (i.e., fatalities resulting from the inability of potential This report is primarily concerned with toxic hazards associated with fires. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages. Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book.
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